STOPPING DIABETES STARTS NOW

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 What is Diabetes?

1. The body does not produce or properly use insulin.
2. Insulin is a hormone that allows the body to use glucose for energy. 
   The body produces glucose from the food you eat.

TYPES OF DIABETES
Type 1 diabetes

1. Usually diagnosed in children and young adults

Type 2 diabetes

1. Most common form
2. Most often diagnosed in adults

Gestational diabetes

1. Appears for the first time during pregnancy
2. Puts one at risk for type 2 diabetes later in life

PREDIABETES
What is prediabetes?

1. Comes before type 2 diabetes
2. Blood glucose are higher than normal, but not yet diabetes
3. Most people with prediabetes don’t know they have it

THE SCOPE OF DIABETES

1. 23.6 million Americans have diabetes including
   5.7 million who don’t know it
2. 1.6 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed each year
3. 57 million Americans have prediabetes

One in three Americans, and one in two minorities, born in 2000 will develop
diabetes in their lifetime if present trends continue.

County-level Estimates of Diagnosed Diabetes for Adults aged ≥ 20 years: United States 2007

From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

DIABETES IS COSTLY
$  Diabetes costs the USA $174 billion each year
(an increase of 32% since 2002).

$  One out of every 10 health care dollars is
attributed to direct diabetes care

$  One out of every 5 health care dollars is spent caring for someone with diabetes

YOU ARE AT INCREASED RISK FOR DIABETES IF

1. You are overweight
2. A parent, brother or sister has diabetes
3. You are African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, Asian American or Pacific Islander
4. You had a baby weighing more than 9 pounds or had gestational diabetes
5. You have high blood pressure
6. You have low HDL (good cholesterol)
7. You have high triglycerides

DIABETES COMPLICATIONS
Heart Disease and Stroke

1. Heart disease and stroke account for about 65% of deaths in people with diabetes.
2. The risk for stroke and death from heart disease is 2 to 4 times higher among people with diabetes.

Kidney Disease

1. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, accounting for 44% of new cases in 2005.
2. In 2005, 46,739 people with diabetes began treatment for end-stage renal disease.

Amputations

1. More than 60% of non-traumatic lower-limb amputations occur in people with diabetes.
2. In 2004, about 71,000 non-traumatic lower-limb amputations were performed in people with diabetes.

Blindness

1. Diabetic retinopathy causes 12,000 to 24,000 new cases of blindness each year making diabetes the leading cause of new cases of blindness in adults 20-74 years of age.

PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS
By managing the ABCs of diabetes, people with diabetes can reduce their risk of complications.

A stands for A1C (a measure of average blood glucose)

B stands for Blood pressure

C stands for Cholesterol

ASK ABOUT YOUR A1C

1. A1C measures average blood glucose over the last three months.
2. Get your A1C checked at least twice a year.
3. Talk to your health care team about what A1C goal
   is right for you. 

The goal for most people with diabetes is an A1C of less than 7%, which is an estimated Average Glucose (eAG) of 154mg/dl

 eAG -  A New Way to Report A1C

1. Estimated Average Glucose, eAG, converts A1C into an average glucose value
2. eAG is reported in mg/dl, the same units used in glucose meters
3. An A1C of 7% translates into an eAG of 154 mg/dl 

BEWARE OF YOUR  BLOOD PRESSURE

1. High blood pressure raises your risk for heart attack, stroke, eye problems and kidney disease.
2. Get your blood pressure checked at every visit.

Target BP = less than 130/80

KEY STEPS FOR LOWERING BLOOD PRESSURE

1. Cut back on salt
2. Lose weight
3. Quit smoking
4. Cut back on alcohol if you have more than 1-2 drinks per day
5. Take blood pressure pills prescribed by your doctor
6. Exercise

CHECK YOUR CHOLESTEROL

1. LDL (“bad”) cholesterol - can narrow or block blood vessels
2. HDL (“good”) cholesterol - helps remove cholesterol deposits
3. Triglycerides - can raise your risk for heart attacks/stroke

ADA GOALS FOR CHOLESTEROL

1. Target LDL = less than 100
2. Ideal HDL = above 40 (men) - above 50 (women)
3. Target triglycerides = less than 150

KEY STEPS FOR MANAGING CHOLESTEROL

1. Eat less saturated fat and trans fat

Foods high in saturated fat and trans fat: fatty meats, hot dogs, high fat dairy products like cream and cheese, baked products and snacks with hydrogenated vegetables oils in the ingredients

1. Eat foods high in fiber - Examples: oatmeal, beans, peas, citrus fruits
2. Take cholesterol-lowering medication prescribed by your doctor
3. Exercise regularly

MEAL PLANNING
Work with a dietitian to develop your own, personalized meal plan to help you:

1. Lose weight, if needed
2. Choose foods low in fat
3. Include variety in your food choices (whole grains, vegetables, fruits, meats and dairy)
4. Learn how to count carbohydrates (carbs)

EXERCISE
A little bit goes a long way:

1. Try being more active throughout the day.  Examples: work in the garden, play with
   the kids, take the stairs
2. Walk - work up to at least 30 minutes of walking on most days; you can even split this into a 10-minute walk after each meal.

OTHER STRATEGIES

1. Get help to quit smoking.
2. Talk to your health care provider about taking aspirin and other medications to reduce your risk for heart disease and stroke.

MANAGING MEDICATIONS

1. Ask when to take each medicine; make sure instructions and labels are clear.
2. Link as many medicines as possible to recurring daily events – getting up, eating, brushing teeth, bedtime.
3. Set your watch, computer, or a kitchen timer as a reminder.
4. Make a chart showing when each medicine should be taken.
5. Talk to your health care provider about what you should do if you miss a dose.
6. Use a daily or weekly pill box.
7. Put a reminder note where you’ll see it.

GENERAL TIPS
Take steps to lower your risk of diabetes complications:

1. A1C < 7, which is an estimated average glucose of 154mg/dl
2. Blood pressure < 130/80
3. Cholesterol (LDL) < 100
4. Cholesterol (HDL) > 40 (men) and > 50 (women)
5. Triglycerides < 150
6. Get help to quit smoking
7. Be active
8. Make healthy food choices
9. Talk to your doctor about medication

FOR MORE INFORMATION ON HOW YOU CAN HELP STOP DIABETES

1-800-DIABETES

stopdiabetes.com